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Roscoe Brady
Roscoe Owen Brady was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on October 11, 1923.
He attended the Pennsylvania State University and obtained his M.D. degree from Harvard Medical School in 1947. He interned at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. From 1948 to 1952 he was a post-doctoral fellow in the Department of Physiological Chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and fellow in clinical medicine in the Department of Medicine. In collaboration with Samuel Gurin, Brady discovered the enzyme system for the biosynthesis of long chain fatty acids.〔Brady RO, Gurin S. The biosynthesis of fatty acids by cell-free or water- soluble enzyme systems. J Biol Chem 1952; 199: 421-431〕 and the role of malonyl coenzyme A in this process.〔Brady RO. Biosynthesis of fatty acids. II. Studies with enzymes from rat brain. J Biol Chem 1960; 235: 3099–3103.〕 After two and one-half years on active duty in the U.S. Naval Medical Corps, he joined the National Institutes of Health in 1954. He was Chief of the Developmental and Metabolic Neurology Branch in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke from 1972 to 2006. Dr. Brady and his colleagues identified the enzymatic defects in Gaucher disease,〔Brady RO, Kanfer JN, Shapiro, D. Metabolism of glucocerebrosides. II. Evidence of an enzymatic deficiency in Gaucher's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1965; 18: 221-225.〕〔Brady RO, Kanfer JN, Bradley RM, Shapiro D. Demonstration of a deficiency of glucocerebroside-cleaving enzyme in Gaucher's disease. J Clin Invest 1966; 45: 1112–1115.〕 Niemann-Pick disease,〔Brady RO, Kanfer JN, Mock MB, Fredrickson DS. The metabolism of sphingomyelin. II. Evidence of an enzymatic deficiency in Niemann-Pick disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1966; 55: 366-369.〕 Fabry disease〔Brady RO, Gal AE, Bradley RM, Martensson E, Warshaw AL, Laster L. Enzymatic defect in Fabry's disease. Ceramidetrihexosidase deficency. N Engl J Med 1967; 276:1163–1167〕 and the specific metabolic abnormality in Tay-Sachs disease.〔Kolodny EH, Brady RO, Volk BW. Demonstration of an alteration of ganglioside metabolism in Tay-Sachs disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1969; 37: 526-531.〕〔Tallman JF, Johnson WG, Brady RO. The metabolism of Tay-Sachs ganglioside: catabolic studies with lysosomal enzymes from normal and Tay-Sachs brain tissue. J Clin Invest 1972; 51: 2339–2345.〕 He and his associates developed diagnostic,〔Kampine JP, Brady RO, Kanfer JN, Feld M, Shapiro D. The diagnosis of Gaucher's disease and Niemann-Pick disease using small samples of venous blood. Science 1967;155: 86-88.〕〔Percy AK, Brady RO. The diagnosis of metachromatic leukodystrophy with venous blood samples. Science 1968; 161: 594-595.〕〔Sloan HR, Uhlendorf BW, Kanfer JN, Brady RO, Fredrickson DS. Deficiency of sphingomyelin-cleaving enzyme activity in tissue cultures derived from patients with Niemann-Pick disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1969; 34: 582-588〕 carrier detection,〔Brady RO, Johnson WG, Uhlendorf BW. Identification of heterozygous carriers of lipid storage diseases. Am J Med 1971; 51: 423-431.〕 prenatal tests〔Brady RO, Uhlendorf BW, Jacobson CB. Fabry's disease: antenatal detection. Science 1971; 172: 174-175.〕〔Epstein CJ, Brady RO, Schneider EL, Bradley RM, Shapiro D. In utero diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease. Am J Hum Genet 1971; 23: 533-535.〕〔Schneider EL, Ellis WG, Brady RO, McCulloch JR, Epstein CJ. Infantile Type II Gaucher's disease: in utero diagnosis and fetal pathology. J Pediatr 1972; 81: 1134–1139.〕 for these conditions and effective enzyme replacement therapy for patients with Gaucher disease〔Brady RO, Pentchev PG, Gal AE, Hibbert SR, Dekaban AS. Replacement therapy for inherited enzyme deficiency: use of purified glucocerebrosidase in Gaucher's disease. N Engl J Med 1974; 291: 989- 993.〕〔Barton NW, Furbish FS, Murray GJ, Gasrfield M, Brady RO. Therapeutic response to intravenous infusions of glucocerebrosidase in a patient with Gaucher disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 1913–1916〕〔Barton NW, Brady RO, Dambrosia JM, DiBisceglie AM, Doppelt SH, Hill SC, Mankin HJ, Murray GJ, Parker RI, Argoff CE, Grewal RP, Yu K-T. Replacement therapy for inherited enzyme deficiency - macrophage-targeted glucocerebrosidase for Gaucher's disease. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 1464–1470.〕〔Grabowski GA, Barton NW, Pastores G, Dambrosia JM, Banerjee TK, McKee MA, Parker C, Schiffmann R, Hill SC, Brady RO. Enzyme therapy in Gaucher disease Type 1: Comparative efficacy of mannose-terminated glucocerebrosidase from natural an recombinant sources. Ann Int Med 1995; 122: 33-39.〕 and Fabry disease.〔Brady RO, Tallman JF, Johnson WG, Gal AE, Leahy WE, Quirk JM, Dekaban AS. Replacement therapy for inherited enzyme deficiency: use of purified ceramidetrihexosidase in Fabry's disease. N Engl J Med 1973; 289: 9-14.〕〔Schiffmann R, Murray GJ, Treco D, Daniel P, Sellos-Moura M, Myers M, Quirk J M, Zirzow GC, Borowski M, Loveday K, Anderson T, Oliver KL, Gunter K, Frei, K, Crutchfield K, Selden RF, Brady RO. Infusion of a-galactosidase A reduces tissue globotriaosylceramide storage in patients with Fabry disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: 365-370.〕〔Schiffmann R, Kopp JB, Austin HA, Sabnis S, Moore DF, Weibel T, Balow E, Brady RO. Enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001; 285: 2743–2749〕 He is currently investigating substrate depletion, molecular chaperone therapy and gene therapy for patients with metabolic storage disorders. Among his awards, Dr. Brady received the Lasker Foundation Award in 1982; the Kovalenko Medal from the National Academy of Sciences USA in 1991; the Alpert Foundation Prize from Harvard Medical School in 1992 and the National Medal of Technology and Innovation in 2008. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, USA and the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.
==References==
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